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Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem
The Ring Neighborhoods of Jerusalem ((ヘブライ語:שכונות הטבעת)) are eight suburban neighborhoods built as satellites to central Jerusalem. The first neighborhoods built after 1967 were Ramot, French Hill, Neve Yaakov, Pisgat Ze'ev, East Talpiot, and Gilo. In the 1990s, Ramat Shlomo and Har Homa were added to the list. The international community does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and considers the neighborhoods illegal settlements, but the Israeli government disputes this.
==History and legal status==
In 1967, following the Six-Day War, the makeup of Jerusalem was altered. Plans were drawn up to establish new residential neighborhoods on undeveloped land around Jerusalem as a housing solution for young couples, new immigrants, and middle-class families seeking a better quality of life. The city's territory was increased to when Israel unilaterally annexed areas north, east and south of the city to Israel, totaling an area three times the size of pre-war West Jerusalem. Today, as many as 165,000 people reside in these communities. According to the United Nations and the European Union,〔(EU rebukes Israel for Jerusalem settlement expansion (EUObserver, November 19, 2009) )
"The presidency recalls that settlement activities, house demolitions and evictions in East Jerusalem are illegal under international law."〕 due to their having been built beyond the Green Line, the neighborhoods Israel subsequently built on these annexed grounds are considered to be Israeli settlements, leading them to be considered illegal under international law based on the Fourth Geneva Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 476.〔(Resolution 476 )〕〔(SMH.com.au )〕〔A Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs study notes (citing from another analysis) that "'since 1967, two rings of new residential neighborhoods built around the city center have created new ''ramparts'' (original ) designed primarily as a political barrier against any possible repatriation of the city.'" And concludes that: "the strategic placement of these four settlements formed the key links of the inner ring of settlements between East Jerusalem and the West Bank. (Passia.org )〕 Israel disputes this, maintaining that these neighborhoods are part of the municipality of Jerusalem, and therefore under Israel's sovereignty. The United States position has been inconsistent. The United States abstained from voting on Resolution 476 and the US Congress has declared that "Jerusalem should remain an undivided city... the capital of the State of Israel" in the Jerusalem Embassy Act.〔(Jewishvirtuallibrary.org )〕 On the other hand, the Obama administration has stated that East Jerusalem settlements must halt construction and expansion permanently.〔(Analysis: Obama's press on Gilo shows a continued misread of Israel (Jerusalem Post, February 8, 2010) )〕 Canada has also shown wavering stances regarding the neighborhoods,〔(Thestar.com )〕 by using ambiguous wording or refusing to outwardly classify the neighborhoods as illegal West Bank settlements.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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